甘特图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-17

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Gantt 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/gantt?lang=zh_cn

甘特图是一种用来说明项目进度条形图。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; tidyverse; ggthemes

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("tidyverse", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("tidyverse")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggthemes", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggthemes")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(tidyverse)
library(ggthemes)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-18
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 dplyr      * 1.1.4   2023-11-17 [1] RSPM
 forcats    * 1.0.1   2025-09-25 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 ggthemes   * 5.2.0   2025-11-30 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM
 lubridate  * 1.9.4   2024-12-08 [1] RSPM
 purrr      * 1.2.1   2026-01-09 [1] RSPM
 readr      * 2.1.6   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 stringr    * 1.6.0   2025-11-04 [1] RSPM
 tibble     * 3.3.1   2026-01-11 [1] RSPM
 tidyr      * 1.3.2   2025-12-19 [1] RSPM
 tidyverse  * 2.0.0   2023-02-22 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

载入数据为 4 个样本即四位患者，3 个项目即 3 种治疗方法，以及每种治疗方法的起止时间。

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/gantt/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
usr_ylab <- colnames(data)[1]
if (!is.numeric(data[, 2])) {
  data[, 2] <- factor(data[, 2], levels = unique(data[, 2]))
}
data_gather <- gather(data, "state", "date", 3:4)
sample <- levels(data_gather$sample)
data_gather$sample <- factor(data_gather$sample,
  levels = rev(unique(data_gather$sample))
)

# 查看数据
head(data_gather)
    sample   item state date
1 patient1 treat1 start    1
2 patient2 treat1 start    2
3 patient2 treat2 start    5
4 patient2 treat3 start    7
5 patient3 treat3 start    6
6 patient3 treat1 start    3

可视化

# 甘特图
p <- ggplot(data_gather, aes(date, sample, color = item)) +
  geom_line(size = 10, alpha = 1) +
  labs(x = "Time", y = "sample", title = "Gantt Plot") +
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank()) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#e04d39","#5bbad6","#1e9f86")) +
  theme_stata() +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5, vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: 甘特图

横轴表示时间进度，纵轴表示 4 位患者，3 种颜色表示 3 种治疗方法，该图可以观测到每位患者不同治疗方法使用的时间进度。