雷达图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Radar 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/radar?lang=zh_cn

雷达图是以从同一点开始的轴上表示的三个或更多个定量变量的二维图表的形式显示多变量数据，以直观的表达某个研究对象在多种参数的对比。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggradar; dplyr; scales; tibble; ggplot2

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggradar", quietly = TRUE)) {
  remotes::install_github("ricardo-bion/ggradar", dependencies = TRUE)
}
if (!requireNamespace("dplyr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("dplyr")
}
if (!requireNamespace("scales", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("scales")
}
if (!requireNamespace("tibble", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("tibble")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggradar)
library(dplyr)
library(scales)
library(tibble)
library(ggplot2)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 dplyr      * 1.1.4   2023-11-17 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 ggradar    * 0.2     2025-11-02 [1] Github (ricardo-bion/ggradar@f99517a)
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM
 scales     * 1.4.0   2025-04-24 [1] RSPM
 tibble     * 3.3.1   2026-01-11 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

数据载入为数据集 (4 种疾病中 5 个基因的表达水平)。

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/radar/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data <- as.data.frame(t(data))
colnames(data) <- data[1, ]
data <- data[-1, ]
for (i in seq_len(ncol(data))) {
  data[, i] <- as.numeric(data[, i])
}
data_radar <- data %>%
  rownames_to_column(var = "sample")
data_radar <- data_radar %>% mutate_at(vars(-sample), rescale)

# 查看数据
head(data)
   value1 value2 value3 value4 value5
S1      6    160    110   3.90  2.620
S2      6    160    110   3.90  2.875
S3      4    108     93   3.85  2.320
S4      6    258    110   3.08  3.215

可视化

# 雷达图
p <- ggradar(data_radar, gridline.max.linetype = 1, group.point.size = 4,
             group.line.width = 1, font.radar = "Arial", fill.alpha = 0.5,
             gridline.min.colour = "grey", gridline.mid.colour = "#007A87",
             gridline.max.colour = "grey") +
  ggtitle("Radar Plot") +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#E64B35FF","#4DBBD5FF","#00A087FF","#3C5488FF")) +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_blank(),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),
        axis.title.y=element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))
 
p
图 1: 雷达图

雷达图每种颜色表示一种疾病，每个点所在的位置表示不同基因表达情况，基因表达值越高，则越远离圆心，反之则越靠近圆心。