哑铃图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Dumbbell Chart 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/dumbbell?lang=zh_cn

哑铃图用于展示数据变化。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; ggalt

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggalt", quietly = TRUE)) {
  remotes::install_github("hrbrmstr/ggalt")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggalt)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 ggalt      * 0.6.1   2025-11-02 [1] Github (hrbrmstr/ggalt@8941f8c)
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/dumbbell/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 查看数据
head(data)
    country  y1952  y2007
1 Argentina 62.485 75.320
2   Bolivia 40.414 65.554
3    Brazil 50.917 72.390
4    Canada 68.750 80.653
5     Chile 54.745 78.553
6  Colombia 50.643 72.889

可视化

# 哑铃图
colors <- c("#3B4992FF","#EE0000FF")
p <- ggplot(data, aes(y = reorder(country, y1952), x = y1952, xend = y2007)) +
  geom_dumbbell(size = 1, size_x = 3,  size_xend = 3, colour = "#AFAFAF",  
                colour_x = colors[1],  colour_xend = colors[2]) +
  labs(title = "Dummbbell Chart", x = "Life Expectancy (years)",
       y = "country") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: 哑铃图