斜面图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Slopegraph 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/slopegraph?lang=zh_cn

斜面图可以用于展示数值变化情况。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; CGPfunctions; ggplot2

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("CGPfunctions", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("CGPfunctions")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(CGPfunctions)
library(ggplot2)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package      * version date (UTC) lib source
 CGPfunctions * 0.6.3   2025-11-17 [1] Github (ibecav/CGPfunctions@999a2c1)
 data.table   * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2      * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite     * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/slopegraph/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data[, "country"] <- factor(data[ ,"country"], levels = unique(data[ ,"country"]))
data[, "year"] <- factor(data[ ,"year"], levels = unique(data[ ,"year"]))

# 查看数据
head(data)
      country continent year lifeExp     pop gdpPercap
1  Costa Rica  Americas 1992      76 3173216  6160.416
2  Costa Rica  Americas 1997      77 3518107  6677.045
3  Costa Rica  Americas 2002      78 3834934  7723.447
4  Costa Rica  Americas 2007      79 4133884  9645.061
5 El Salvador  Americas 1992      67 5274649  4444.232
6 El Salvador  Americas 1997      70 5783439  5154.825

可视化

# 斜面图
p <- newggslopegraph(data, year, lifeExp, country) +
  labs(subtitle = "", title = "Slope Graph", x = "Life Expectancy (years)",
       y = "country", caption = "") +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#3B4992FF", "#EE0000FF", "#008B45FF",
                               "#631879FF", "#008280FF", "#BB0021FF")) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))

p
图 1: 斜面图