QQ 图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot QQ Plot 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/qqplot?lang=zh_cn

用于直观验证一组数据是否来自某个分布，或者验证某两组数据是否来自同一（族）分布。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; grafify

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("grafify", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("grafify")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(grafify)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 grafify    * 5.1.0   2025-08-25 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/qqplot/data.json")$exampleData[[1]]$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data[, "Genotype"] <- factor(data[, "Genotype"], levels = unique(data[, "Genotype"]))

# 查看数据
head(data)
  Genotype Cytokine Experiment facet
1       WT 1.312322     Exp_ 1     A
2       WT 2.171466     Exp_ 2     A
3       WT 1.497610     Exp_ 3     A
4       WT 1.088861     Exp_ 4     A
5       WT 1.270528     Exp_ 5     A
6       WT 3.012708     Exp_ 6     A

可视化

# QQ 图
p <- plot_qqline(data = data, ycol = Cytokine, group = Genotype,
                 symsize = 2, symthick = 0.5, s_alpha = 1) +
  ggtitle("QQplot without facet") +
  xlab("theoretical") + ylab("sample") + 
  guides(fill = guide_legend(title = "Genotype")) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#E69F00","#4DB1DC")) +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: QQ 图