金字塔堆叠图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Pyramid Stack 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/pyramid-stack?lang=zh_cn

金字塔堆叠图可以用于展示年龄组多变量。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; ggthemes; dplyr

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggthemes", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggthemes")
}
if (!requireNamespace("dplyr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("dplyr")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggthemes)
library(dplyr)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 dplyr      * 1.1.4   2023-11-17 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 ggthemes   * 5.2.0   2025-11-30 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/pyramid-stack/data.json")$exampleData[[1]]$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data[,3] <- factor(data[,3], levels = unique(data[,3]))
data[,1] <- factor(data[,1], levels = unique(data[,1]))

# 查看数据
head(data)
    age gender year       pop
1   0-4   male 1950 171.85124
2   5-9   male 1950 137.99242
3 10-14   male 1950 133.27428
4 15-19   male 1950 121.69274
5 20-24   male 1950 112.39438
6 25-29   male 1950  96.59408

可视化

# 金字塔堆叠图
p <- ggplot(data = data, aes(x = age, y = pop, fill = year)) +
  geom_bar(data = data %>% filter(gender == "female") %>% arrange(rev(year)),
           stat = "identity", position = "identity") +
  geom_bar(data = data %>% filter(gender == "male") %>% arrange(rev(year)),
           stat = "identity", position = "identity", mapping = aes(y = -pop)) +
  coord_flip() +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0) +
  scale_fill_economist() +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#e04d39","#5bbad6","#1e9f86")) +
  labs(y = "pop | male (left) - female (right)", x= "") +
  theme_economist(horizontal = FALSE) +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "top",
        legend.direction = "horizontal",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
        panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank())

p
图 1: 金字塔堆叠图