半小提琴图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Half Violin 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/half-violin?lang=zh_cn

半小提琴图是在保留小提琴图右半部分图形的基础上，将左侧部分换成数据频次计数图形，也是用于显示数据分布及概率密度的统计图表。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; dplyr; ggpubr; ggthemes

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("dplyr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("dplyr")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggpubr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggpubr")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggthemes", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggthemes")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(ggpubr)
library(ggthemes)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 dplyr      * 1.1.4   2023-11-17 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 ggpubr     * 0.6.2   2025-10-17 [1] RSPM
 ggthemes   * 5.2.0   2025-11-30 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

载入数据为载入数据为数据集 (不同肿瘤中基因名称及表达水平)。

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/half-violin/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
colnames(data) <- c("Value", "Group")
data[, 2] <- factor(data[, 2], levels = unique(data[, 2]))

# 查看数据
head(data)
     Value Group
1 12.10228   AML
2 12.61382   AML
3 12.52741   AML
4 12.67990   AML
5 12.64837   AML
6 12.12146   AML

可视化

# 半小提琴图
geom_flat_violin <- function(
  mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "ydensity", position = "dodge", 
  trim = TRUE, scale = "area", show.legend = NA, inherit.aes = TRUE, ...) {
  ggplot2::layer(data = data, mapping = mapping, stat = stat, 
                 geom = geom_flat_violin_proto, position = position,
                 show.legend = show.legend, inherit.aes = inherit.aes,
                 params = list(trim = trim, scale = scale, ...))
}

"%||%" <- function(a, b) {
  if (!is.null(a)) {
    a
  } else {
    b
  }
}

geom_flat_violin_proto <-
  ggproto("geom_flat_violin_proto", Geom,
          setup_data = function(data, params) {
            data$width <- data$width %||%
              params$width %||% (resolution(data$x, FALSE) * 0.9)
            
            data %>%
              dplyr::group_by(.data = ., group) %>%
              dplyr::mutate(.data = ., ymin = min(y), ymax = max(y), xmin = x,
                            xmax = x + width / 2)
          },
          
          draw_group = function(data, panel_scales, coord) {
            data <- base::transform(data, xminv = x, 
                                    xmaxv = x + violinwidth * (xmax - x))
            
            newdata <- base::rbind(
              dplyr::arrange(.data = base::transform(data, x = xminv), y),
              dplyr::arrange(.data = base::transform(data, x = xmaxv), -y))
            
            newdata <- rbind(newdata, newdata[1, ])
            
            ggplot2:::ggname("geom_flat_violin",
                             GeomPolygon$draw_panel(newdata, panel_scales, coord))
          },
          
          draw_key = draw_key_polygon,
          
          default_aes = ggplot2::aes(weight = 1, colour = "grey20", fill = "white",
                                     size = 0.5, alpha = NA, linetype = "solid"),
          required_aes = c("x", "y")
        )

p <- ggplot(data = data, aes(Group, Value, fill = Group)) +
  geom_flat_violin(alpha = 1, scale = "count", trim = FALSE) +
  geom_boxplot(width = 0.05, fill = "white", alpha = 1, 
               outlier.colour = NA, position = position_nudge(0.05)) +
  stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = "point", fill = "white", shape = 21, size = 2,
               position = position_nudge(0.05)) +
  geom_dotplot(alpha = 1, binaxis = "y", dotsize = 0.5, stackdir = "down", 
               binwidth = 0.1, position = position_nudge(-0.025)) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab(colnames(data)[2]) +
  ylab(colnames(data)[1]) +
  guides(fill = F) +
  ggtitle("Half Violin Plot") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#e04d39","#5bbad6","#1e9f86")) +
  theme_stata() +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: 半小提琴图

半小提琴图可以反映数据分布，同箱形图类似，方框中黑色横线显示各肿瘤中基因表达水平的中位数， 白色方框中上下框边代表数据集中的上，下四分位点；左半面可观测数值点的分布状况；小提琴图还可以反映数据密度，数据集数据越集中则图形越胖。图示中 BLGG 组中的基因表达分布更集中，BIC 组次之，AML 组则分布最分散。