多柱状图和线图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Multiple Barplot&Line 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/barplot-line-multiple?lang=zh_cn

在一个图表中显示多个条形图或线形图。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; reshape2; ggthemes

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("reshape2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("reshape2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggthemes", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggthemes")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(ggthemes)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 ggthemes   * 5.2.0   2025-11-30 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM
 reshape2   * 1.4.5   2025-11-12 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

具有多列数据（数字）的数据框。

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/barplot-line-multiple/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data_melt <- melt(data, id.vars = colnames(data)[1])
data_melt[, 1] <- factor(data_melt[, 1], level = unique(data_melt[, 1]))

# 查看数据
head(data)
  age height weight math biology english chinese
1  12    158    100  120      90     115     140
2  15    160    110  145      80     120     120
3  18    175    120  132      95     118     110
4  20    176    121  124      99     118     136
5  21    176    120  135      98     114     150
6  22    177    124  140      87     110     150

可视化

1. 多线图

# 多线图
p <- ggplot(data = data_melt, aes(x = age, y = value, group = variable,
                                  colour = variable)) +
  geom_line(alpha = 1, size = 1) +
  geom_point(aes(shape = variable), alpha = 1, size = 3) +
  labs(title = "Line (Multiple)", x = "X Lable", y = "Value") +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#3B4992FF","#EE0000FF","#008B45FF","#631879FF",
                               "#008280FF","#BB0021FF")) +
  theme_stata() +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: 多线图

2. 多柱状图

# 多柱状图
p <- ggplot(data = data_melt, aes(x = age, y = value, fill = variable)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = position_dodge(), colour = "black",
           alpha = 1) +
  labs(title = "", x = "X Lable", y = "Value") +
  
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#3B4992FF","#EE0000FF","#008B45FF","#631879FF",
                               "#008280FF","#BB0021FF")) +
  theme_stata() +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 2: 多柱状图