凹凸图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Bumpchart 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/bumpchart?lang=zh_cn

凹凸图可以用于展示多组数值变化情况。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; ggbump; dplyr

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggbump", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/ggbump/ggbump_0.1.0.tar.gz")
}
if (!requireNamespace("dplyr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("dplyr")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggbump)
library(dplyr)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-27
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version   date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0    2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 dplyr      * 1.1.4     2023-11-17 [1] RSPM
 ggbump     * 0.1.99999 2025-12-23 [1] Github (davidsjoberg/ggbump@fe6d5c7)
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1     2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0     2025-03-27 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/bumpchart/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 查看数据
head(data)
     x y group
1 2019 4     A
2 2020 2     A
3 2021 2     A
4 2019 3     B
5 2020 1     B
6 2021 4     B

可视化

# 凹凸图
p <- ggplot(data, aes(x = x, y = y, color = group)) +
  geom_bump(size = 1.5) +
  geom_point(size = 5) +
  geom_text(data = data %>% filter(x == min(x)),
            aes(x = x - 0.1, label = group),
            size = 5, hjust = 1) +
  geom_text(data = data %>% filter(x == max(x)),
            aes(x = x + 0.1, label = group),
            size = 5, hjust = 0) +
  theme_void() +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#0571B0","#92C5DE","#F4A582","#CA0020"))

p
图 1: 凹凸图