渐变柱状图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Barplot Gradient 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/barplot-gradient?lang=zh_cn

同气泡图相似，不过是在柱状图的基础上，用颜色渐变的长方形同时展示两个变量的可视化图形。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; stringr

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("stringr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("stringr")
}

# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(stringr)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM
 stringr    * 1.6.0   2025-11-04 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

案例数据，第一列为Go Term（Go语言编号），第二列为基因数，第三列输入pvalue。

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/barplot-gradient/data.json")$exampleData$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data[, 1] <- str_to_sentence(str_remove(data[, 1], pattern = "\\w+:\\d+\\W"))
topnum <- 7
data <- data[1:topnum, ]
data[, 1] <- factor(data[, 1], level = rev(unique(data[, 1])))

# 查看数据
head(data)
                               Term Count   PValue
1                   Immune response    20 9.61e-08
2     Defense response to bacterium    11 3.02e-06
3                   Cell chemotaxis     8 5.14e-06
4                     Cell adhesion    17 2.73e-05
5             Complement activation     8 3.56e-05
6 Extracellular matrix organization    11 4.23e-05

可视化

# 渐变柱状图
p <- ggplot(data, aes(x = Term, y = Count, fill = -log10(PValue))) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
  ggtitle("GO BarPlot") +
  scale_fill_continuous(low = "#00438E", high = "#E43535") +
  scale_x_discrete(labels = function(x) {str_wrap(x, width = 65)}) +
  labs(fill = "-log10 (PValue)", y = "Term", x = "Count") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: 渐变柱状图

如图示，蓝色为低pvalue颜色，红色为高pvalue颜色，随着pvalue增大颜色由蓝向红渐变。横坐标表示基因数目。