误差线柱状图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Barplot (errorbar) 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/barplot-errorbar?lang=zh_cn

带误差线和误差组的条形图。

环境配置

  • 系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)

  • 编程语言: R

  • 依赖包: data.table; jsonlite; ggplot2; Rmisc; ggpubr

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("data.table", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("data.table")
}
if (!requireNamespace("jsonlite", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("jsonlite")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggplot2")
}
if (!requireNamespace("Rmisc", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("Rmisc")
}
if (!requireNamespace("ggpubr", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggpubr")
}


# 加载包
library(data.table)
library(jsonlite)
library(ggplot2)
library(Rmisc)
library(ggpubr)
sessioninfo::session_info("attached")
─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package    * version date (UTC) lib source
 data.table * 1.18.0  2025-12-24 [1] RSPM
 ggplot2    * 4.0.1   2025-11-14 [1] RSPM
 ggpubr     * 0.6.2   2025-10-17 [1] RSPM
 jsonlite   * 2.0.0   2025-03-27 [1] RSPM
 lattice    * 0.22-7  2025-04-02 [3] CRAN (R 4.5.2)
 plyr       * 1.8.9   2023-10-02 [1] RSPM
 Rmisc      * 1.5.1   2022-05-02 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

数据表:

第一列: (数值) Y 轴值。

第二列: (数值或字符串) X 轴类别。

# 加载数据
data <- data.table::fread(jsonlite::read_json("https://hiplot.cn/ui/basic/barplot-errorbar/data.json")$exampleData[[1]]$textarea[[1]])
data <- as.data.frame(data)

# 整理数据格式
data[, 2] <- factor(data[, 2], levels = unique(data[, 2]))
data_sd <- summarySE(data, measurevar = colnames(data)[1], groupvars = colnames(data)[2])

# 查看数据
head(data_sd)
    class N score       sd       se       ci
1    math 4 63.50 3.109126 1.554563 4.947314
2 chinese 4 73.75 2.986079 1.493039 4.751518
3 english 4 83.25 2.362908 1.181454 3.759914

可视化

# 误差线柱状图
p <- ggplot(data_sd, aes(x = data_sd[, 1], y = data_sd[, 3], fill = data_sd[, 1])) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", 
           position = position_dodge(), alpha = 1) +
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = data_sd[, 3] - sd, ymax = data_sd[, 3] + sd),
                width = 0.2,
                position = position_dodge(0.9)) +
  labs(title = "Barplot (errorbar)", x = colnames(data_sd)[1], 
       y = colnames(data_sd)[3], fill = colnames(data_sd)[1]) +
  geom_jitter(data = data, aes(data[, 2], data[, 1], fill = data[, 2]), size = 2, fill = "black", pch = 19, width = 0.2) +
  stat_compare_means(data = data, aes(data[, 2], data[, 1], fill = data[, 2]),
                     label = "p.format", ref.group = ".all.", vjust = 1, 
                     method = "t.test") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#E64B35FF","#4DBBD5FF","#00A087FF","#3C5488FF")) +
  theme_bw() +
  ylim(0,100) +
  theme(text = element_text(family = "Arial"),
        plot.title = element_text(size = 12,hjust = 0.5),
        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 0, hjust = 0.5,vjust = 1),
        legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = "vertical",
        legend.title = element_text(size = 10),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10))

p
图 1: 误差线柱状图