有向无环图

作者

[编辑] 郑虎;

[审核] .

修改于

2026-01-27

注记

Hiplot 网站

本页面为 Hiplot Directed Acyclic Graphs 插件的源码版本教程，您也可以使用 Hiplot 网站实现无代码绘图，更多信息请查看以下链接:

https://hiplot.cn/basic/ggdag?lang=zh_cn

有向无环图可视化。

环境配置

系统: Cross-platform (Linux/MacOS/Windows)
编程语言: R
依赖包: ggdag

# 安装包
if (!requireNamespace("ggdag", quietly = TRUE)) {
  install.packages("ggdag")
}

# 加载包
library(ggdag)

sessioninfo::session_info("attached")

─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 setting  value
 version  R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31)
 os       Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
 system   x86_64, linux-gnu
 ui       X11
 language (EN)
 collate  C.UTF-8
 ctype    C.UTF-8
 tz       UTC
 date     2026-01-28
 pandoc   3.1.3 @ /usr/bin/ (via rmarkdown)
 quarto   1.8.27 @ /usr/local/bin/quarto

─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 package * version date (UTC) lib source
 ggdag   * 0.2.13  2024-07-22 [1] RSPM

 [1] /home/runner/work/_temp/Library
 [2] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/site-library
 [3] /opt/R/4.5.2/lib/R/library
 * ── Packages attached to the search path.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

数据准备

# 加载数据
tidy_ggdag <- dagify(
  y ~ x + z2 + w2 + w1,
  x ~ z1 + w1 + w2,
  z1 ~ w1 + v,
  z2 ~ w2 + v,
  w1 ~ ~w2, # bidirected path
  exposure = "x",
  outcome = "y") %>%
  tidy_dagitty()

# 查看数据
head(tidy_ggdag)

$data
# A tibble: 13 × 8
   name       x       y direction to      xend   yend circular
   <chr>  <dbl>   <dbl> <fct>     <chr>  <dbl>  <dbl> <lgl>   
 1 v     -1.49   0.0401 ->        z1    -0.533 -0.995 FALSE   
 2 v     -1.49   0.0401 ->        z2    -0.483  1.03  FALSE   
 3 w1     0.930 -0.591  ->        x      0.314 -0.503 FALSE   
 4 w1     0.930 -0.591  ->        y      0.325  0.438 FALSE   
 5 w1     0.930 -0.591  ->        z1    -0.533 -0.995 FALSE   
 6 w1     0.930 -0.591  <->       w2     0.940  0.579 FALSE   
 7 w2     0.940  0.579  ->        x      0.314 -0.503 FALSE   
 8 w2     0.940  0.579  ->        y      0.325  0.438 FALSE   
 9 w2     0.940  0.579  ->        z2    -0.483  1.03  FALSE   
10 x      0.314 -0.503  ->        y      0.325  0.438 FALSE   
11 y      0.325  0.438  <NA>      <NA>  NA     NA     FALSE   
12 z1    -0.533 -0.995  ->        x      0.314 -0.503 FALSE   
13 z2    -0.483  1.03   ->        y      0.325  0.438 FALSE   

$dag
dag {
v
w1
w2
x [exposure]
y [outcome]
z1
z2
v -> z1
v -> z2
w1 -> x
w1 -> y
w1 -> z1
w1 <-> w2
w2 -> x
w2 -> y
w2 -> z2
x -> y
z1 -> x
z2 -> y
}

可视化

# 有向无环图
p <- ggdag(tidy_ggdag) +
  theme_dag() 

p